Global iron production by technology in the Sustainable Development Scenario, 1990-2070

Notes

SDS = Sustainable Development Scenario. CCUS = carbon capture, utilisation and storage. DRI = direct reduced iron. SR = smelting reduction. BF = blast furnace. Commercial BF includes traditional coal, gas and charcoal-based blast furnaces, with and without top pressure recovery turbines, without CCUS. Innovative BF with CCUS includes blast furnaces with process gas hydrogen enrichment and CO2 removal for use and storage (for example, as being developed by the COURSE50, IGAR and 3D projects), including CCUS retrofits to existing blast furnaces and those newly installed over the coming decade. Commercial SR refers to smelting reduction without CCUS (COREX and FINEX). Innovative SR with CCUS includes application of CCUS to existing smelting reduction concepts (for example COREX and FINEX) and novel smelting reduction concepts with CCUS (for example, as being developed by the HIsarna project). Commercial DRI includes gas and coal-based DRI without CCUS, including that which has a portion of blended electrolytic hydrogen. Commercial DRI with CCUS includes gas and coal-based DRI with CCUS. 100% H2 DRI comprises fully electrolytic hydrogen-based DRI (for example, as being developed by the HYBRIT project and ArcelorMittal in Hamburg). For further details on examples of projects developing these technologies, see Table 4.2 in Energy Technology Perspectives 2020.